Legal Term Meaning Support
Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. The function of the federal courts that takes place at the beginning of criminal proceedings – after a person has been arrested and charged with a federal crime and before they appear in court. Pre-Investigation Service officials are focusing on investigating the background of these individuals in order to assist the court in deciding whether to release or detain them pending trial. The decision is based on the likelihood that these individuals will flee or pose a threat to the community.
If the court orders release, a pre-trial officer supervises the person in the community until the person returns to court. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the “individual or group briefing” of a nonprofit budget and credit advisory agency, which individual debtors must participate in before filing under a chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the “Personal Financial Management Course” in Chapters 7 and 13, which an individual debtor must complete before debt relief is registered. There are exceptions to both requirements for certain categories of debtors, urgent circumstances, or if the U.S. trustee or receiver has determined that there are not enough licensed credit counselling agencies available to provide the required advice. The legal classification of unsecured claims in the Insolvency Code, which determines the order in which unsecured claims are paid when there is not enough money to pay all unsecured claims in full. The aid consists of basic necessities such as food, clothing and shelter, and in some cases medicine and medical care. A support commitment is sufficient consideration for the transfer of ownership or for the assignment of a payment. Similarly, an agreement on a bequest or invention in exchange for a promise of support is enforceable. The Sentencing Reform Act 1984 abolished probation in favour of a particular penal system, in which the level of punishment is determined by penal directives. Now, without the possibility of parole, the court-imposed jail sentence is the actual time the person spends in prison.
Jury selection process to interview potential jurors to determine their qualifications and determine a basis for challenge. A term used to describe evidence that can be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases. A jury verdict that a criminal accused is not guilty, or a judge`s conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to support a conviction. A claim for which no specific value has been determined. A report prepared by a court probation officer after a person has been convicted of a crime and summarizing for the court the background information necessary to determine the appropriate sentence. A debt that cannot be eliminated in the event of bankruptcy. Examples include a home mortgage, child support or child support debt, certain taxes, debt for most government-funded or guaranteed student loans or benefit overpayments, debts for death or assault caused by driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and restitution debts or a penalty fine included in a judgment convicting the debtor of a crime. Certain debts, such as debts of money or property obtained under false pretenses, and debts for fraud or forgery in the exercise of fiduciary capacity, can only be declared inexcusable if a creditor files a non-discharge action in a timely manner and wins. Latin, which means “of one`s own will”.
Often designates a court acting in a case without either party asking for it. A request made as a result of a proceeding by a losing party on one or more issues, for a higher court to review the decision to determine whether it was correct. To make such a request is to “appeal” or “to appeal”. The one who appeals is called a “complainant”; The other party is the “appellant”. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. An official of the judiciary who has the power to adjudicate complaints before the courts. The term commonly used judge can also refer to all bailiffs, including Supreme Court judges. Latin, which means “new”. A de novo study is a completely new study. The de novo review of the appeal does not imply any consideration for the trial judge`s decision.
With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate “fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in “legal cases,” but not in “fairness” cases. Imprisonment for two or more offences to be served simultaneously and not consecutively. Example: Two five-year prison sentences and a three-year term if served at the same time result in a maximum of five years behind bars. Latin, which means “for the court”. In appellate courts, it often refers to an unsigned opinion.
A court order preventing one or more named parties from acting. An injunction is often issued to allow for a finding of fact so that a judge can determine whether a permanent injunction is warranted. The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; Chief Justices are determined by seniority Support contracts are subject to general contract law and require legally sufficient consideration for the promise of support. A moral obligation that has nothing to do with a legal obligation, such as that between parent and child, is not a sufficient consideration for a promise of support. The agreement should carefully define the term “assistance” and whether the obligation includes payment for items such as medical care and services and funeral expenses. The agreement should specify whether the choice of the beneficiary`s residence is limited to the promisor`s domicile or whether the payment of a sum of money is permitted instead of the provision of services and material comfort. SUPPORT. The right of alimony is an easement enjoyed by a man, either by contract or by prescription, to place the beams or beams of his house on the wall of an adjacent building owned by another person. 3 Kent, Com. 435. Vide Lois des Bat.