Daman Full Form
India, which contributes significantly to the global burden of malaria, has introduced several antimalarial interventions at the national and state levels to control and recently eliminate the disease. Odisha, the eastern Indian state with the highest malaria burden, has seen significant gains, as evidenced by various malaria initiatives implemented under the National Programme for the Control of Vector-borne Diseases (NVBDCP). However, in hard-to-reach areas of the state, unruly and highly transmissible malaria “pockets” persist, characterized by limited access to routine malaria surveillance and rolling wooded topography that promotes unbridled vector reproduction. The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in these pockets serves as an eternal reservoir of malaria, thus hindering its elimination. Therefore, since 2017, a project bearing the acronym DAMaN has been initiated by the state of NVBDCP, which targets locally identified high-energy “bags” in 23 districts. DAMaN included mass screening and treatment every two years, provision of long-lived insecticide networks (LLINs) and behaviour change communication. Subsequently, in order to inform the policy, an evaluation of DAMaN was designed, which aims to estimate the coverage of the different components of the project; the prevalence of malaria, including at the sub-patent level, particularly among pregnant/lactating women and children; and its effects on malaria incidence. A survey of DAMaN beneficiaries will measure coverage; and LLIN-related knowledge and practices; and the collection of blood samples from a probability sample. A multi-stage stratified sample of 2228 households (~33% with pregnant/lactating women) is selected from 6 DAMaN districts. Routine data from the DAMaN project (2017-2018) and data from the NVBDCP (2013-2018) are extracted. A rapid diagnostic test, polymerase chain reaction and blood smear microscopy are performed to detect malaria parasitemia. In addition to measuring DAMaN coverage and malaria prevalence in DAMaN pockets, its effects are estimated to be a “tipping point” using pre-post differences and time series analyses interrupted in 2017.
The assessment can help validate DAMaN`s unique strategies. Daman and Diu (/dəˈmɑːn … ˈdiːuː/; local (help·info)) was a former Union Territory in northwestern India. With an area of 112 km2 (43 square miles), it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the continent. The area included two districts, Damaon and Dio Island, geographically separated by the Gulf of Khambat. The state of Gujarat and the Arabian Sea bordered the region. Portuguese colony since the 1500s, the territories were taken by India with the annexation of Goa in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered between 1961 and 1987 as part of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, according to the Goa Opinion Poll, they became a separate Union Territory. In 2019, a law was passed to merge the Union Territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring territory of the Union of Dadra and Nagar Haveli into the new Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from 26 January 2020. [1] Daman and Diu, a former Union Territory of India, which included two largely separated districts on the country`s west coast. Daman is an enclave on the southern coast of the state of Gujarat, 100 miles (160 km) north of Mumbai (Bombay). Diu includes an island off the southern coast of the Kathiawar Peninsula in Gujarat, 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Veraval, as well as a small area on the mainland.
The city of Daman in Daman District was the capital of the territory. In January 2020, the two districts of Dadra and Nagar Haveli joined to become Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Union Territory. Area 43 square miles (112 square kilometers). (2011) 242.911. The study was conducted by both the Institute`s Human Ethics Committee (ICMR-RMRC/IHEC-2019/012 of 27.02.2019) and the Research and Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. von Odisha (453/SHRMU/187/17 of 22/8/2017). DaMaN project data is extracted in aggregate form and no data is retrieved or used at the individual level, so no de-identification of DAMaN project data is required. There are also no plans to access patient records. Survey data and blood samples are collected with the written consent of each participant. Raw survey data is in the custody of the lead auditor and the data is fully anonymized for analysis. Thank you Dr.
Prameela Baral, Addl. Director of Health Services (VBD), Odisha, Dr P K Sahu, NVBDCP-Odisha Nodal Officer, Dr Kirti Mishra, Mr Debakanta Sandhibigraha and the Administration of the Department of Public Health, Odisha, to support with information on the processes and data sources of the DAMaN intervention project that will be used for evaluation in the future. The languages taught in the Schools of Daman and Diu according to the trilingual formula were:[15] In order to confirm the results of ICT and/or microscopy and to detect parasites below the microscopy limit (about 40 parasites/ml of blood), a retrospective species-specific PCR is performed from each blood sample. DNA is extracted from the blood sample using the Qiagen DNA mini-kit (Quigen, West Sussex, UK). Distinct reactions are performed using species-specific oligonucleotide primers (P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale, P. Malaria) with each sample for the detection of each species in a reaction volume of 20 μl, as described by others [19] and regularly in our laboratory for routine malaria diagnosis. The products amplified by PCR are separated by electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel with the addition of ethidium bromide (0.5μg/ml). Gels are visualized and processed using a gel documentation system. The DAMaN intervention project is the first of its kind in the country to be targeted by the Government of Odisha to eliminate malaria in hard-to-reach “pockets” of the district where the malaria burden is high in the state. The proposed DAMaN assessment will provide evidence of the impact and outcomes of the intervention based on the reduction of overall parasite exposure and reduction/interruption of transmission, as well as changes in key health indicators.
The study will also collect information on maternal and child health, as there is evidence that prolonged exposure to malaria impacts maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, nutritional status and anaemia in children under five [21, 22]. Molecular studies, which are also an integral part of the Damacian assessment, will not only determine the distribution of the different types of Plasmodium in these areas also at the sub-patent level, but will also elucidate changes in their behavior as well as adaptation (if any) due to high drug pressure, as previously demonstrated [23].